|
Plant Species Consumed by Cotton-top Tamarins
Most callitrichids eat the fruits of trees, vines and
epiphytes, insects, newly sprouted leaves, buds or flowers, and small
vertebrates. Some species also rely on tree exudates (gum and sap).
The examination of diet showed that cotton-tops in Santa
Catalina and Colosó feed from more than 50 and 60 different tree species,
respectively, in at least 45 families. With fruit making up the largest
portion of the diet, cotton-top tamarins may be important seed dispersal
agents for trees in the rainforest. Garber (1986) found the planting of
defecated seeds from two tamarin species yielded a germination success
rate of 70%, Callitrichids are likely influencing both regeneration and
structure of the forest.
The diet is highly seasonal, correlating with the rainy
season when most trees are fruiting. When fruit is scarce, the proportion
of gums, nectar, and insects in the diet increases.
Food Type: F = Fruit, G = Gum, N = Nectar, Fl = Flower
Field Site: C = Coloso, SC = Santa Catalina
|
Family |
Species |
Common Name |
Food Type |
Field Site |
|
Acanthaceae |
Tichanthera sp. |
Palo de agua |
F |
C |
|
Amaranthaceae |
Chamissoa altissima |
Pintaboyo |
F |
SC |
|
Anacardiaceae |
Anacardium excelsum |
Caracolí |
F, G |
C |
|
Astronium graveolens
|
Santa cruz
|
G
|
SC, C
|
|
Mangifera indica |
Mango |
F |
C |
|
Spondias mombin |
Jobo |
F, G |
C, SC |
|
Anonaceae |
Annona purpurea |
Guanábana matimbáa |
N |
SC |
| Ephedranthus colombianus |
Yaya prieta |
F |
C |
|
Apocynaceae |
Formosia sp. |
Peronillo |
Fl |
C |
|
Rauvolfia ligustrina |
Venenito |
F |
SC |
|
Thevetia ahouai
|
Tomatillo
|
F
|
SC
|
|
Araceae |
Philodendron cf. hederaceum |
Abrazadera |
F |
SC,C |
|
Arecaceae |
Desmoncus orthacanthos |
Matamba |
F |
C, SC |
|
Sabal mauritiiformis |
Palma amarga |
F |
SC |
|
Bignoniaceae |
|
Anemopaegma orbiculatum
|
Bejuco de bacota
|
N
|
SC
|
|
Cydista aequinoctialis
|
Bejuco colorao
|
N
|
SC
|
Macfadyena unguis-cati |
Bejuco uñita |
N |
SC |
|
Pithecoctenium crucigerum
|
Bejuco canastilla
|
N
|
SC
|
| Tabebuia sp. |
Pijiño blanco |
F |
C |
|
Tanaecium jaroba
|
Bejuco calabacilla
|
N
|
SC
|
|
Bombacaceae |
|
Cavanillesia platanifolia
|
Macondo |
G
|
SC
|
Ceiba pentandra |
Ceiba bonga |
G |
SC |
|
Pachira quinata
|
Ceiba colorada
|
N
|
SC
|
|
Pseudobombax septenatum |
Ceiba |
Fl |
C |
|
Boraginaceae |
Cordia bicolor |
Muñeco |
F |
C |
|
Cordia dentata |
Uvito |
F |
C, SC |
|
Cordia lucidula |
Arato |
F |
SC |
|
Burseraceae |
Bursera simarouba |
Indio en cuero |
G |
SC |
|
Cactaceae |
|
Acanthocereus pitajaya
|
Pitahaya
|
F, T
|
SC, C
|
|
Pereskia guamacho
|
Guamacho
|
F
|
SC, C
|
|
Cactus |
|
C |
|
Caesalpiniaceae |
Brownea ariza |
Arizal |
B |
C |
|
Cassia grandis
|
Cañandonga
|
G
|
SC
|
|
Capparidaceae |
Capparis baducca |
Guanabanito |
F |
C, SC |
|
Crataeva tapia |
Naranjuelo |
F |
SC |
|
Caricaceae |
Carica papaya |
Papaya |
F |
C |
|
Celastraceae |
Maytenus longipes |
Corocito |
F |
C, SC |
|
Combretaceae |
Combretum fruticosum |
Peinecillo |
N |
C, SC |
|
Cucurbitaceae |
Momordica charantia |
Balsamina |
F |
SC |
|
Ebenaceae |
Diospyros inconstans |
Juan de dios |
F |
SC |
|
Elaeocarpaceae |
Muntingia calabura |
Periquito |
F |
C |
|
Erythroxylaceae |
Erythoxylon sp. |
Coca de mico |
G |
C |
|
Euforbiaceae |
Alcalifa sp. |
Arara |
F |
C |
|
Cnidosculus urens
|
|
G
|
SC, C
|
|
Hura crepitans |
Ceiba de leche |
Fl |
SC |
|
Fabaceae |
Acacia affinis |
Bejuco zarza |
G |
|
|
Lonchocarpus cf. pictus
|
Majagua de gallina
|
G
|
SC
|
|
Swartzia simplex |
Arara |
F |
SC |
|
Flacourtiaceae |
Casearia corymbosa |
Vara de humo |
F |
C |
|
Mayna grandifolia |
Puerco espín |
F |
SC |
|
Xylosma intermedium |
Carita de santo |
F |
C, SC |
|
Hippocrateaceae |
Hippocratea cf. volubilis |
Bejuco corralero |
G |
SC |
|
Lauraceae |
Nectandra membranaceae |
Aguacatillo |
G |
C |
|
Lecytidaceae |
Lecythis minor |
Olla de mono |
G |
SC, C |
|
Leguminosae |
Albizzia caribaea |
Guacamayo |
F, G |
C, SC |
|
Enterolobium cyclocarpum |
Orejero |
F, G |
C |
|
Enterolobium sp. |
Chicho |
G |
C |
|
Inga hayesii |
Guamito |
F |
SC |
|
Mimosa sp. |
Zarza |
G |
C |
|
Phitecellobium himeanaefolium |
Loro |
F |
C |
|
Pithecellobium lanceolatum |
Tiribuchi |
F |
SC |
|
Pithecellobium samán |
Campano |
G |
C |
|
Loganiaceae |
Strychnos tarapotensis |
Bejuco alambre |
F |
SC |
|
Loranthaceae |
Phoradendron quadrangulare |
Cagadita de pájaro |
F |
C, SC |
|
Malpighiaceae |
Malpighia punicifolia |
Cerezo montana |
F |
C |
|
Malvaceae |
Malvaviscus arboreus |
Quesito |
F |
SC |
|
Meliaceae |
Cedrella odorata |
Cedro |
G |
C |
|
Trichilia acuminata |
Negro viejo |
F |
C, SC |
|
Trichilia appendiculata |
Mangle |
F, G |
C |
|
Trichilia hirta
|
Hobo Verde
|
F
|
SC, C
|
|
Trichilia martiana |
Vara de piedra |
F |
C, SC |
|
Menispermaceae |
Cissampelos pareira |
Nigua de puerco |
F |
SC |
|
Odontocarya tamoides |
Nigua de puerco |
F |
SC |
|
Mimosaceae |
Zygia inaequalis |
Guamo arroyero |
G |
SC |
|
Moraceae |
Brosimum alicastrum |
Guáimaro |
F |
C, SC |
|
Brosimum guianense |
Fruta de pava |
F |
SC |
|
Brosimum sp. |
Caucho |
F, Fl |
C |
|
Cecropia obtusifolia |
Guarumo |
F |
C |
|
Cecropia sp. |
Yarumo |
F, Fl |
C |
|
Chlorophora tinctoria |
Mora |
F |
C |
|
Ficus dendroica |
Suan |
F |
C |
|
Ficus pallida |
Cope |
F |
C |
|
Maclura tinctoria |
Mora |
F |
SC |
|
Pouruma sp. |
Uva de monte |
F |
C |
|
Sorocea sprucei |
Pempinillo |
F |
SC |
|
Myrcinaceae |
Stylogyne turbacensis |
Patica de paloma |
F |
C, SC |
|
Myrtaceae |
Eugenia acapulcensis |
Escobillo |
F |
C, SC |
|
Psidium guajaba |
Guayabo macho |
F, G |
C |
|
Nyctaginaceae |
Neea nigricans |
Buchesapo |
F, FI |
C, SC |
|
Phytolaccaceae |
Trichostigma octandrum |
Bejuco de burro |
F |
SC |
|
Piperaceae |
Piper aduncum |
Cordoncillo |
F |
SC |
|
Polygonaceae |
Coccoloba caracasana |
Uvita roja |
F |
SC |
|
Coccoloba coronata
|
Juan garrote
|
Fl
|
SC
|
|
Rubiaceae |
|
Alibertia edulis
|
Yaya de cajon
|
F
|
SC
|
Ciniciolia spinosa |
Fruta de pava |
F |
C |
|
Genipa americana |
Jagua |
F |
C, SC |
|
Genipa caruto |
Encerao |
F |
C |
|
Genippa americana |
Zapatillo |
F, Fl |
C |
|
Pittoniotis trichantha
|
Pigiño blanco
|
F
|
SC, C
|
|
Psychotria sp. |
Ají de monte |
F |
SC |
|
Randia armata |
Maria angola de espina |
F |
C, SC |
|
Randia formosa |
Maria angola |
F |
SC |
|
Rondeletia purdiei
|
Bola de titi
|
F
|
SC
|
|
Santalaceae |
Acanthosyris colombiana |
Yaya de sangre |
F |
SC |
|
Sapindaceae |
Allophyllus |
Crispeta |
F |
SC |
|
Matayba scrobiculata |
Guacharaco |
F |
SC |
|
Melicoca bijuga |
Mamón |
F |
C |
|
Paullinia cururu |
Ojo de perdiz |
F |
SC |
|
Paullinia pinnata |
Carne asada |
F |
C, SC |
|
Sapindus saponaria
|
Jaboncillo
|
G
|
SC
|
|
Talisia olivaeiformis |
Mamón de maría |
F |
SC |
| |
Manao |
F, G |
C |
|
Sapotaceae |
Manilkara chicle |
Níspero |
F |
C |
|
Manilkara sp. |
Níspero de monte |
F |
C |
|
Sideroxilon persimile |
Guayacán de bola |
F |
SC |
|
Urea tamarindoides |
Tamarindo |
F |
C |
| |
Costilla de vaca |
F |
C |
|
Solanaceae |
Solanum enoplacalyx |
Una de gato |
F |
SC |
|
Sterculiaceae |
Basiloxylum excelsum |
Zapato |
G |
C |
|
Guazuma ulmifolia |
Guácimo |
F |
C, SC |
|
Luehea sp. |
Cabo de hacha |
F |
C |
|
Luehea sp. |
Molenillo |
F |
C |
|
Sterculia apétala |
Camajón |
F |
C |
|
Ulmaceae |
Celtis iguaneus |
Maíz tostado |
F |
C |
|
Urticaceae |
Urera baccifera |
Pringamoza |
F |
C, SC |
|
Verbenaceae |
Vitex compresa |
Aceituno |
F |
SC |
|
Vitaceae |
Cissus sicyoides |
Bejuco uva |
F |
SC |
|
|
Cachicarnero |
F |
C |
|
|
Huevo de icotea |
F |
SC |
|
|
Nuez moscado |
F |
C |
|
|
Varita de lazo |
F |
SC |
References:
Castillo, E.F.G. 1996. Contribucion al conocimiento de la
ecologia y etologia del titi de cabeza blanca (Saguinus oedipus -
Linnaeus 1758), en la Serrania de la Coraza, Montes de Maria, Coloso,
Sucre-Colombia. B.S. Thesis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Molina, G.M.R. 2001. Inventario floristico de un bosque
seco tropical (bs-T) en la hacienda "El Ceibal," Santa Catalina (Bolivar),
con énfasis en las especies asociadas a la dieta del tití cabeciblanco (Saguinus
oedipus). B.S. Thesis. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Rizkalla, C. 2000. Feeding ecology and conservation of the
cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia. M.E.M. Thesis.
Duke University.
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